Bloody Mary
玛丽一世(1553~1558在位)成长于欧洲宗教改革的汹涌大潮之中,其时英国也成为天主教和新教进行殊死搏杀的场所。她的母亲凯瑟琳是一位笃信天主教的西班牙公主,而她的父亲亨利八世为了达到与她母亲离婚的目的,不惜背叛天主教,与罗马教皇决裂,并在国内扶持新教,迫害天主教徒。也许由于上述的成长...
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【整理】血腥玛丽-3 by lurker2006
Henry VIII at last has his long looked-for male heir, and there is tremendous rejoicing at court, and there's tremendous rejoicing all over England as well. Hogsheads of wine are broken open at market crosses in parish churches. People celebrate. People set off fireworks and bonfires.
With his male heir in place, Henry VIII decided to rewrite the succession.
Obviously the person who would succeed would be his son. But what would happen after that? Well he did have these two bastard daughters Mary and Elizabeth. And so Henry decided he'd get the succession tidied up in the order: Edward first, then Mary, then Elizabeth.
Henry VIII died in 1547 when Mary was 34. Her brother Edward became king at the age of 9, under the protection of protestant advisors.
He's a young, healthy, vigorous prince, but he's also a convinced protestant. He's a serious evangelical. He is far, far more protestant than Henry VIII has ever been.
I think Mary is drastically shocked by the direction that Edwardian religious policy takes. Churches are being white washed; statues and stained glass windows are being taken out; protestant doctrines are being officially preached in the church and the Mass is replaced with a service in English. And it's that that sparks Mary's really conspicuous disobedience to the government of her young brother.
During Edward's reign, I think she must have felt that this was it, there was no future, and there will be no chance that her beloved world, her religion, anything would survive the entire Protestant Revolution which Edward was carrying out.
The years of stress and illness had turned Mary into a pale, bitter woman. Her faith became her obsession. On several occasions, Edward sent deputations to persuade Mary to accept his new religion. Sticking to her religious principles, she refused to bow to her younger brother's demands.
The Mass, the Sacrament of the Altar, is central to her personal faith. And it's Edward's councilors, it's the heretics who try to get rid of that, and it’s why she hates heretics.
Her stand was supported by the Spanish monarchy, who were burning protestants at the stake for rejecting Catholicism. But in England, these heretics were in power. There seemed no chance of returning to the catholic faith while her brother was on the throne. Edward suddenly became ill in 1553, and the royal succession was again thrown into chaos.
words:
tidy up: When you tidy up or tidy a place up, you put things back in their proper places so that everything is neat.
evangelical: Evangelical Christians emphasize the importance of the Bible and the need for personal belief in Christ.
protestant: A Protestant is a Christian who belongs to the branch of the Christian church which separated from the Catholic church in the sixteenth century.
[ 本帖最后由 lurker2006 于 2009-3-31 00:12 编辑 ] |