本帖最后由 jessiyear 于 2011-4-25 15:04 编辑
on chenxizilily
Well, it moves here, for distribution. Now distribution
means selling all the toxic-contaminated junk as quickly as
possible. The goal here is to keep the prices
down, keep the people buying and keep the
inventory moving. How do they keep the prices down?
Well they don't pay the store workers very much and
they skimp on health insurance every time they can.
It's all about externalizing the costs.
What that means is the real costs of making stuff aren't captured
in the price. In other words, we aren't paying for the stuff we buy.
I was thinking about this the other day. I was walking
to work and I wanted to listen to the news so I popped
into a radio shack to buy a radio. I found this
cute little green radio for 4 dollar and 99 cents. I was standing there in line to buy this thing and I
was thinking how could 4 dollar and 99 cents possibly capture the costs of making this radio and
getting it into my hands?
The metal was probably mined in South Africa. The petroleum was probably drilled in Iraq. The plastics were probably produced in China. And maybe the whole thing was assembled by some 15-year-old in a
maquiladora in Mexico. 4 dollar and 99 cents won't even pay the rent for the shelf space it
occupied until I came along, let alone part of the
stuff guy's salary who helped me pick it out or the multiple
ocean cruises and truck rides pieces
of this radio went on. That's how I realize I didn't pay for the radio.
So who did pay? Well, these people paid with the loss of their natural resource base.
These people paid with the loss of their clean air with
increasing asthma and cancer rates. Kids in the Congo paid with their future. 30% of the kids in
part of the Congo have dropped out of school to
mine coltan,
a metal we need for our cheap
and disposable electronics. These people
even paid by having to cover their own
health insurance. All along this system, people pitched in so I could get this radio for 4 dollar
and 99 cents. And none of these contributions are
recorded in any accounts book. That's what I mean by the company owners externalize
the true costs of production.
And that brings us to the golden arrow of consumption. This is the heart of the system,
the engine that drives it. It is so
important that protecting this arrow has become the top priority for both of
these guys. That's why after
911, when our country was in shock and President Bush could have suggested
any number of appropriate
things: to grieve, to pray, to hope. No. He said to shop. To shop! We have become
a nation of consumers. Our prime identity has become that
of being consumers, not mothers,
teachers, farmers, but consumers. The primary
way that our value is measured and demonstrated is by how much we contribute to this arrow, how much we consume. And do we! We shop and shop and shop. Keep the materials
flowing and flow they do.
Guess what percentage of total materials
flow through this system is still in product
or use 6 months after the date of sale in North America. 50%? 20%? No, 1%. 1! In other words, 99% of the stuff we harvest, mine, process, transport, 99% of the
stuff we run through this system is trashed
within 6 months. Now how can we run a
planet with that level of materials throughput?
It wasn’t always like this. The average U.S. person now
consumes twice as much as they did 50 years ago. Ask your grandma.
In her days, stewardship
and resourcefulness
and thrift were valued. So how did
this happen? Well it didn't
just happen. It was designed.
Shortly after World War Two, these guys
were figuring out how to ramp up the economy. Retailing analyst Victor Lebow articulated the solution
that's become the norm for the whole system. He said: “Our enormously
productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying
and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual
satisfaction, our ego satisfaction,
in consumption… We need things consumed,
burned up, replaced,
and discarded at an ever-accelerating rate.”
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