《美国公共电视网:走进亨利八世的宫廷》 PBS: Inside the Court of Henry VIII
Henry VIII is the most iconic king of English history. Part medieval tyrant, part renaissance prince, he ruled over his people as no king of England had ever done before. He took a country salvaged by his father from the wreck of civil war and set over it a single, sovereign ruler. By the end of his reign the power of the Tudor dynasty was absolute — but at a terrible cost. Personally responsible for the death of two of his own wives, along with many of his closest friends and advisors, he is said to have ordered the execution of up to 72,000 Britons. His reign will go down as one of the bloodiest in history.
亨利八世是英国历史上最具有标志性的国王。既是中世纪暴君,又是文艺复兴时期的王子,他以不同于在他之前在位的所有国王的方式统治着他的臣民。他从父亲手中接过在经历了一场内战(玫瑰战争)之后满目疮痍的国家,以唯一君主的姿态出现在人们面前。在接近他的统治尾声的时候,都铎王朝的权力是绝对的;虽然这是以巨大的代价实现的。他的两位的妻子死在他手里,还有其他许多他最亲密的朋友和大臣;据说他下令处决了将近7.2万英国人。他统治的时期是英国历史上最血腥的时期。
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Crucially, he succeeds in putting the spendthrift king back in the black. If the Wolsey can make the king rich, Henry doesn't care where he comes from. And Henry's distrust of his fellow nobles makes Wolsey's humble background an advantage. Henry himself quite liked the fact that he could turn around to someone and say, I made you. It is through me that you hold your power. You couldn't do that with your ability. They have their positions and power by right birth.
Grateful Henry showers Wolsey with titles and great wealth. And Wolsey builds Hampton Court to show off his riches.
He loved the trappings of wealth and power, so he was determined to build the finest palace that the world had ever seen here at Hampton Court. And he wanted to bring in ideas from across the Continent. Here, behind me, you can see these roundels with the busts of Roman emperors. They were made by the finest Italian craftsmen.
Wolsey also seeks some the best administrators. A favourite, his fellow commoner Thomas Cromwell.
He was a son of a blacksmith. Wolsey's a son of butcher, so that gave them something very important in common, but there was more than that. Wolsey spotted Cormwell's potential. He was very, very skilled in politics, in law. So Wolsey rapidly appointed him to a very prestigious part in his own council |