《美国公共电视网:走进亨利八世的宫廷》 PBS: Inside the Court of Henry VIII
Henry VIII is the most iconic king of English history. Part medieval tyrant, part renaissance prince, he ruled over his people as no king of England had ever done before. He took a country salvaged by his father from the wreck of civil war and set over it a single, sovereign ruler. By the end of his reign the power of the Tudor dynasty was absolute — but at a terrible cost. Personally responsible for the death of two of his own wives, along with many of his closest friends and advisors, he is said to have ordered the execution of up to 72,000 Britons. His reign will go down as one of the bloodiest in history.
亨利八世是英国历史上最具有标志性的国王。既是中世纪暴君,又是文艺复兴时期的王子,他以不同于在他之前在位的所有国王的方式统治着他的臣民。他从父亲手中接过在经历了一场内战(玫瑰战争)之后满目疮痍的国家,以唯一君主的姿态出现在人们面前。在接近他的统治尾声的时候,都铎王朝的权力是绝对的;虽然这是以巨大的代价实现的。他的两位的妻子死在他手里,还有其他许多他最亲密的朋友和大臣;据说他下令处决了将近7.2万英国人。他统治的时期是英国历史上最血腥的时期。
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Cronwell will prove a loyal supportor of Wolsey in a court where Wolsey is widely loaved. Chief man of Wolsey's enemies is the Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk was from one of the oldest and most distinguished noble families in England. He took no prisoners, and he particularly was obsessed with status.
Since time immemorial, the aristocracy of England ran the country. They had all the important jobs. Suddenly, here is the son of a Ipswich butcher having constant access to the king. Who is this upstart, this new man who has come in? They start his ability to shuffle papers around, who is doing them out of their traditional role in England. What's more, he's arrogant.
Wolsey wasn't at all intimidated by his noble contemporaries. He had quite an reverence straight to his character, and he would often humiliate them in council meetings. He was also much cleverer than most of them, and didn't flinch from putting them down, proving them wrong. They hated him for that.
Norfolk wants to destroy the arrogant priest, but Wolsey always outwits him. He understands Henry better than anyone and knows he will survive if he stays close to his monarch. |