《美国公共电视网:走进亨利八世的宫廷》 PBS: Inside the Court of Henry VIII
Henry VIII is the most iconic king of English history. Part medieval tyrant, part renaissance prince, he ruled over his people as no king of England had ever done before. He took a country salvaged by his father from the wreck of civil war and set over it a single, sovereign ruler. By the end of his reign the power of the Tudor dynasty was absolute — but at a terrible cost. Personally responsible for the death of two of his own wives, along with many of his closest friends and advisors, he is said to have ordered the execution of up to 72,000 Britons. His reign will go down as one of the bloodiest in history.
亨利八世是英国历史上最具有标志性的国王。既是中世纪暴君,又是文艺复兴时期的王子,他以不同于在他之前在位的所有国王的方式统治着他的臣民。他从父亲手中接过在经历了一场内战(玫瑰战争)之后满目疮痍的国家,以唯一君主的姿态出现在人们面前。在接近他的统治尾声的时候,都铎王朝的权力是绝对的;虽然这是以巨大的代价实现的。他的两位的妻子死在他手里,还有其他许多他最亲密的朋友和大臣;据说他下令处决了将近7.2万英国人。他统治的时期是英国历史上最血腥的时期。
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Henry, although he was disappointed by Wolsey's failure to get him the divorce, forgave him. He still liked Wolsey and trusted his advice. Anne, on the other hand was the one who was whispering against Wolsey. She was telling Henry that his chief minister had turned traitor. Because of Henry's paranoia, when he heard the worst about someone, he was more liable to believe it. He was very very capable of changing his mind in the matter of moments about someone who had been high in favour. I think Anne was almost entirely responsible for the fall of Wolsey. Suddenly, Wolsey has lost control. Now, Anne has the king's ear. The cardinal is helpless.
By having Henry's favor, you have wealth and status which you can accrue astonishingly fast, but if you lose it, you have oblivion. The other nobles, who hate Wolsey, sense that the kill is about to happen.
Without access to the king, Wolsey is in jeopardy. Whisperings of treason now go on unchecked. Desparate to regain favor, he gifts his magnificent palace to his king. |